The article “Review of energy efficiency in controlled environment agriculture” (Engler & Krarti, 2021) described controlled environmental agriculture (CEA) applications and its relationship with HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) systems. HVAC systems are the technology used in indoor farming to control the environment for growing crops. This system has played an important part in meeting the demand for food production in urban agriculture. One of the distinctive features and vital functions of the HVAC system is the ability to grow crops according to its optimal environmental conditions through the use of customizations (CultivaSystems, n.d.). In addition, HVAC systems emphasize on focusing energy efficiency to address challenges posed by global warming in agriculture (AGRIVI, n.d.). Engler and Krarti have mentioned the features of HVAC systems include thermostats and controllers, sensors, heat pumps, and energy efficiency that work together to create a sustainable environment for growing crops. Furthermore, the main function is to develop optimal environmental conditions for cultivation, which include temperature control, ventilation, and humidity control. Hence, HVAC systems used in urban farming play a crucial role in ensuring food safety and quality produce without being affected by the climate. Using HVAC systems in urban agriculture to meet the food demand while reducing carbon emissions is one of the goals especially in Singapore.
HVAC systems play a vital role in
countries such as Singapore due to limited space to meet food demands
Global warming is a major world
concern, and the adoption of HVAC systems can help by reducing
carbon emissions. One example of this would be the reduction of carbon
emissions through the use of solar-assisted heat pumps. It has been proven that
heat pumps have a lower carbon emission value than traditional
kerosene heaters (Engler & Krarti, 2021). Engler and Krarti have
shared that solar-assisted heat pumps are capable of handling the loads of
heating and cooling at a coefficient of performance (COP) of over 3.0.
However, HVAC systems used in
indoor farming are hard to maintain as compared to traditional settings. Due
to all year-round operations,
the equipment wear and tear would be higher,
leading to an eventual shortening of its life span. One of the HVAC systems for
indoor agriculture that are very good at temperature control is
Energy-efficient. In addition,
most HVAC equipment is designed with
the assumption that it will not exceed a maximum capacity of 24
hours a day, 365 days a year (Sabeh, 2022).
Another reason why HVAC systems are hard to manage for indoor agriculture is
because the primary occupant is
plants. Plants require a
suitable environment to grow in indoor agriculture such as humidity and
temperature. Additionally, each
of the plants has its own needs and plants interact with interactive building
systems. Therefore, HVAC
systems must be able to monitor response and even predict the changes in the
indoor agriculture environment.
In
conclusion, HVAC systems in indoor agriculture can help to reduce carbon emissions
and also the population's food demands faced by the world. With
regard to Singapore's “30 by 30”
goals, the country does not need to rely on imported food and can ensure the
food shortage that we faced during the COVID-19 period will not recur in
the future (Singaporelife,
2023). Therefore, having a good HVAC system in indoor agriculture can make a positive
impact to the world.
References
AGRIVI. (n.d.). Overcoming Weather Limitations
with Greenhouse Farming. Agrivi.
https://www.agrivi.com/blog/overcoming-weather-limitations-with-greenhouse-farming/
Case et al. (2022, Dec 16).
Urban-Metabolic Farming Modules on Rooftops for. mdpi-res.
https://mdpi-res.com/d_attachment/sustainability/sustainability-14-16885/article_deploy/sustainability-14-16885.pdf?version=1671172473
CultivaSystems. (n.d.). Indoor
Agriculture HVAC. Cultiva Systems.
https://cultivasystems.com/indoor-agriculture-hvac/
Engler, N. & Krarti, M.
(2021, May). Review of energy efficiency in controlled environment
agriculture. Sciencedirect.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032121000812
Ng, W. K. (2021, Feb). 7
urban farm sites on HDB rooftops launched for public tender in Bukit Panjang,
Woodlands, Sembawang. The StraitsTimes.
https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/hdb-rooftops-to-get-more-urban-farms
Sabeh, N. (2022, Jun 22). Why
Is HVAC so Hard for Indoor Farms? Greenhouse Grower. https://www.greenhousegrower.com/production/why-is-hvac-so-hard-for-indoor-farms/
SingaporeFoodAgency. (2022,
Nov 11). A sustainable food system for Singapore and beyond. Food For
Thought.
https://www.sfa.gov.sg/food-for-thought/article/detail/a-sustainable-food-system-for-singapore-and-beyond
Singaporelife. (2023, Mar
06). GuideMeSingapore.Hawksford. GuideMeSingapore.
https://www.guidemesingapore.com/in-the-news/2023/singapores-agritech-sector
VerticalFarmDaily. (2023,
Apr 14 ). HVAC importance in vertical farming. VerticalFarmDaily.
https://www.verticalfarmdaily.com/article/9520856/hvac-importance-in-vertical-farming/
Wijkvliet, N. v. (2022, Nov
11). Sustainable Urban Delta. Sustainable Urban Delta.
https://sustainableurbandelta.com/singapore-30-by-30-food-system/
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